![]() 2014), while Hansen S-301, a formulation based on SDM, has previously been used to keep tissue fragments of E. In case of primary intestinal cells from the earthworm Pheretima aspergillum, Schneider´s Drosophila Medium (SDM) was shown to support proliferation (Gong et al. However, these macrophage-like cells are physiologically and functionally different from intestinal cells and the direct compatibility of protocols for their isolation and cultivation with the needs of the intestinal cells is unlikely. The respective culture media are mostly based on L-15 medium with various supplements and adjusted osmolalities (Bilej et al. Protocols do exist for the isolation and cultivation of various earthworm coelomocytes, i.e., the phagocytic leukocytes in the coelom which are the established primary cell type for ecotoxicological or immune response studies (Diogène et al. fetida, no cell lines or standard procedures for the isolation and cultivation of primary intestinal cells are currently available. Moreover, such studies are also possible in case of organisms and tissues, for which no established cell lines exist. This enables studies of effects on the cellular level, which are more representative for the in vivo situation than experiments with established cell lines. ![]() Primary cells isolated from a specific tissue initially possess characteristics comparable to those of the cells in vivo and reflect their physiological state and reactions. An important aspect of deconvolving the overall effects is the identification of the response on the cellular level using cell lines or primary cells (Revel et al. However, organismic reactions are complex, and understanding effects mechanistically can be challenging. 2014) on the organismic level such as mortality, reduced growth rate and reproduction, are mediated by damage to the gut cells and tissues. 2007 Sivakumar 2015) or nanomaterials (Garcia-Velasco et al. Consequently, their intestinal tissue is directly exposed to these foreign materials, and it is commonly assumed that effects of common pollutants such as metal ions (Nahmani et al. fetida unselectively ingest soil and therefore also any environmental pollutant included therein. The earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used terrestrial model organism in ecotoxicological research. Slight positive as well as negative dose and size dependent effects on the metabolism were seen, which to some extent might correlate with effects on the organismic level. In case of microplastic particles (MP particles), namely 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) beads as well as 0.5 and 2.0 µm diameter polylactic acid (PLA) beads, no active uptake was observed. Exposure to established pollutants and soil elutriates comprising silver nanoparticles and metal ions (Cu 2+, Cd 2+) induced a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of the cells. Cells were isolated directly from the intestine, maintaining >85% viability during subsequent cultivations (up to 144 h). ![]() For this purpose, a suitable isolation and cultivation protocol was established. fetida cells for in vitro ecotoxicological studies. ![]() In this context, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitability of preparations of primary intestinal E. Its intestinal cells are the first to encounter possible pollutants co-ingested by the earthworm, which makes them prime candidates for studies of toxic effects of environmental pollutants on the cellular as compared to the organismic level. The earthworm Eisenia fetida is a commonly used model organism for unspecific soil feeders in ecotoxicological studies.
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